Welding
Automotive , Construction & infrastructure , Energy , Mechanical engineering
Steel welding grades are developed to guarantee coherent chemical and mechanical properties between the welded joint and the base metal.
The grade analysis is a determining factor, especially
- in obtaining the required mechanical properties: carbon, manganese and alloying elements such as vanadium or niobium;
- for toughness or corrosion resistance: nickel, chromium or molybdenum;
- depending on the welding process and on protection used (shielding gas or flux): carbon, silicon, aluminium or titanium to limit the risk of welded joint oxidation;
- residual content such as copper, chromium and tin are tightly controlled to avoid cracks, as are phosphorus, sulphur and hydrogen;
- special processes have been developed to achieve
a. ultra-low levels of residuals such as lead, bismuth
b. alloyed grades with up to 9% chromium, nickel, molybdenum…
All these metallurgical considerations explain the diversity of grades available for welding and which can only be partially covered by international standards.
Key properties
Grade analysis
Mechanical properties prior drawing by controlled cooling
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | Cu | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |||
| Name | Standard | Applications | - | - | - | max. | max. | max. | max. | max. | max. |
| SG1 | ISO 14341 | Shielded arc welding | 0.06-0.10 | 0.50-0.70 | 1.00-1.30 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.10 |
| SG2 | ISO 14341 | Shielded arc welding | 0.06-0.09 | 0.80-0.90 | 1.40-1.50 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.10 |
| SG3 | ISO 14341 | Shielded arc welding | 0.06-0.09 | 0.85-1.00 | 1.60-1.70 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.10 |
| S1 | ISO 14171 | Stick electrode | 0.05-0.15 | max. 0.15 | 0.35-0.60 | max. 0.025 | max. 0.025 | max. 0.10 | max. 0.10 | max. 0.05 | max. 0.10 |
| S2 | ISO 14171 | Submerged arc welding | 0.07-0.15 | max. 0.15 | 0.80-1.30 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.10 |
| S3Si | ISO 14171 | Submerged arc welding | 0.07-0.15 | 0.15-0.40 | 1.20-1.85 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.10 |
| S2Mo | ISO 14171 | Submerged arc welding | 0.07-0.15 | 0.05-0.25 | 0.95-1.20 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.45-0.65 | 0.10 |
| S3Mo | ISO 14171 | Submerged arc welding | 0.07-0.15 | 0.05-0.25 | 1.20-1.75 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.45-0.65 | 0.10 |
| C | Si | Mn | Cu | Cr | Ni | V | Mo | Nb | N | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||
| Name | Standard | typ | typ | typ | typ | max. | max. | typ | max. | max. | typ |
| CrMo5 | ISO 24598 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.90 | - | 6.00 | - | - | 0.65 | - | - |
| Mn4Ni2CrMo | ISO 16834 | 0.12 | 0.80 | 1.80 | - | 0.50 | 2.50 | - | 0.50 | - | - |
| G2Ni2 | ISO 14341 | 0.08 | 0.80 | 1.40 | - | - | 2.70 | - | - | - | - |
| CrMo25i | ISO 21952 | 0.07 | 0.50 | 1.00 | - | 2.50 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
| SUNCC3 | ISO 14171 | 0.10 | 0.30 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.750 | - | - | - | - |
| 2C1MW | ISO 24598 | 0.120 | 0.120 | 0.80 | - | 2.60 | - | 0.30 | 1.00 | 0.022 | - |
| CrMo91 | ISO 24598 | 0.120 | 0.60 | 1.00 | - | 9.00 | 0.500 | 0.20 | 1.00 | 0.065 | 0.045 |
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